PLUMBING EMERGENCIES

How do I shut off the water to my house in an emergency?

Find the home’s private main valve before an emergency, learn how its handle closes, and never force it when water is already leaking.

THE DIRECT ANSWER

Use the home’s private main valve only when you can identify it and reach it on a dry, safe path. A lever-style valve normally closes with a quarter-turn, while a round wheel normally turns clockwise. Use ordinary hand pressure and stop if the valve is stuck, leaking, or damaged. Do not operate an unfamiliar meter or curb valve; ask the serving water utility which valve the customer may use. [2] [3] [4]

Key points

Look where the water service enters the house. Depending on the building, the private main may be near an exterior wall, in a garage or mechanical room, or near a crawlspace or basement entry. Label it before an emergency so no one has to guess while water is leaking.

A valve beside a toilet, sink, or appliance usually controls only that fixture. The main shutoff controls water to the house. Use the nearby valve for an isolated fixture leak and the private main when the source is hidden or the fixture valve does not stop it. [2]

For water utilities regulated under Oklahoma Corporation Commission rules, utility ownership extends through the outlet side of the meter and customer piping begins after it. Municipal systems may use different rules. Do not assume that an unidentified valve inside a meter or curb box is customer-operated; ask the serving utility first. [4]

How common handles close

Lever-style ball valve

Round multi-turn valve

Move the lever one quarter-turn to the closed position. [2]

Turn the wheel clockwise using normal hand pressure. [2]

Stop when the lever reaches its intended closed position; do not pull past it. [2]

If the wheel is stuck, stop rather than adding a wrench or body weight. [3]

If active flow does not slow, leave the handle alone and report the result.

If the handle spins, leaks, or does not change the flow, stop turning and report the result. [3]

How to tell whether the water is off

  1. Watch the leak from a dry location. Active pressure should fall, although water stored above the break may continue to drain. [2]
  2. If the plumbing is not backed up and the route is dry, check a working faucet or hose bib to see whether flow tapers off. Western Municipal Water District recommends checking a working fixture to verify closure. [2]
  3. Leave the main closed until the damaged pipe or fitting has been repaired. Let everyone in the home know not to reopen it.

Prepare before the next leak

  • Label the private main shutoff and show every adult occupant where it is.
  • Keep the path clear and a battery flashlight nearby.
  • Have a stiff, buried, corroded, or hard-to-reach private valve checked before an emergency. Milwaukee Water Works warns against forcing a valve that will not close. [3]
  • Write down which local valves control toilets, sinks, washing machines, and water heaters.
  • Store the utility’s non-emergency contact information with the valve notes in case the private shutoff cannot control the service.

The handle position alone does not prove that the water is off. If the leak slows only partly or does not change, stop turning the valve and report what happened. Milwaukee Water Works tells customers to request help rather than risk breaking a stuck shutoff. [3]

Water may keep dripping for a short time because pipes above the break, the water heater, or an appliance line still hold water. It should slow down. If a strong spray or stream continues, the valve may not have closed, the wrong valve may have been used, or another water source may still be feeding the leak.

Related plumbing questions

Sources

  1. [1]What to Do to Protect Yourself From Electrical HazardsCenters for Disease Control and PreventionSupports: safe actions when electrical circuits or equipment are wet or near standing water
  2. [2]How to Turn Off Your WaterWestern Municipal Water DistrictSupports: fixture and whole-home shutoffs, gate- and ball-valve operation, and checks that confirm water is off
  3. [3]Turn Off Water to House or Other BuildingMilwaukee Water WorksSupports: avoiding damage to a stuck shutoff valve and contacting the serving utility when it cannot be closed
  4. [4]Oklahoma Administrative Code, Title 165, Chapter 65: Water Service UtilitiesOklahoma Corporation CommissionSupports: the ownership boundary between regulated utility equipment through the meter outlet and customer piping after the meter

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